Healthcare Fraud Resulting in Fewer Referrals to Homecare Services Research Proposal

Healthcare Fraud Resulting in Fewer Referrals to Homecare Services - Research Proposal Example In fact, considering that the data on direct losses that is available regarding health care fraud today quite significantly underestimate the real value of the cost. While the healthcare fraud may not be very pronounced in the public domain currently, it may not be ignored as it has a potential of growing to astronomic levels given time and left unattended. Fraud has undermined the value of studies on healthcare practices, organization, and financing. In the healthcare sector, fraud has presented itself as a multi-faceted demon involving both individuals and corporate organizations. While some officials engaging in the provision of fraudulent or inaccurate data with an aim of getting corporate approval, some organizations engage in the withholding of data that may damage their reputation, the reputation of their products or researchers. The effects of health care fraud have far-reaching effects on the overall performance of the sector. Cases of fraud have for example impacted negatively the relationship between physicians and patients, and by extension, their relatives. In a bid to curb the problem of health care fraud, a number of measures have been introduced by the US government. The new measures have also impacted the way physicians provide services to patients – both in-patient and out-patient. This being the case, it may be postulated that healthcare fraud has had an impact on referrals to healthcare services. This research seeks to establish the existence of a correlation between health care fraud and the referral to home care services. Homecare caters for a wide range of social, medical and support services. Homecare services are entitled to people such as; the elderly, disabled people, those with long-term health conditions, terminally ill, chronically ill and to people who are recovering (Piper, Roberto, and Wacker, 2002).  

Natural gas industry n Mexico and South America - Outlook Case Study

Natural gas industry n Mexico and South America - Outlook - Case Study Example Energy Information Administration 1-57). This reserve of natural gas was valued at 688 trillion cubic feet. Mexico and South America are the major exporters of natural gas and mainly the United States imported natural gas from these regions. However, the United States has now developed its own reserve of natural gas and crude oil and thus, domestic production has become a substitute of its imports. Almost 80% of the total natural gas that is produced in the region of Mexico and South America is generally circulated to the neighboring nations in terms of exports and imports through pipelines (U.S. Energy Information Administration 1-57). The rest is traded domestically in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). With the increase in Shale gas in these regions, it is expected that exports of natural gas would increase. There are also propositions to expand the Panama Canal and this would help to distribute LNG efficiently. The easy availability of resources concerning hydrocarbons and the feasibility to use advanced technology has enable the increase in natural gas production. Investment by companies in natural gas has also increased. Countries which are more open to foreign investments and have less restrictions and regulation related to foreign taxes and business operations, invite and encourage more companies for investment (U.S. Energy Information Administration 1-57). Brazil in South America has an investment friendly environment for the foreign companies and Mexico is on the process of adopting energy policies that would encourage foreign investment. Massive investment in these regions has been made by China (Economides and Wood 1-13). The above figure shows the natural gas reserves and resources of the various regions of America. The area of interest in this study aims to throw light on the trends and pattern in Mexico and South America. Countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador helps to

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Essay Example for Free

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Essay The media is an industry where the competition is intense and it has been used by the government individuals, organizations, institutions, society, and family etc. for various purposes. However, due to the increasing competition in the industry, many at times the functions and duties which the media owes to the society are significantly overlooked. There are various functions of the media some will be discussed later on in this paper. The aim of the media has to a fearfully large extent shifted from fulfilling its roles to the society, rather their focus is often on how much entertainment they can offer to their audience and how much money they can make and how quickly they can make it. Entertainment and money making is definitely key in the existence, survival and growth of this industry, nevertheless, this should not be achieved by inappropriately portraying a group’s identity in any form. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Construction – To make or create, by putting together ideas, components or arguments. Group Identity – This refers to a person’s sense of belonging to a group. Media- Are communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrow casting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax and internet (business dictionary, 2015). THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY BY TAJFEL TURNER (1979) This theory was propounded in order to understand the psychological reasons and basis for inter- group discrimination. The components of this theory goes thus: Categorization- This is the process of putting ourselves and others into categories, our self-image is associated with the categories we belong to. Identification – This is the process by which we associate ourselves with certain groups of people. Nevertheless there are some groups we don’t want to be identified with (out groups) and there are some we would want to be identified with (in groups). Comparison- This is the process through which we compare our groups with other groups, thereby creating a positive bias towards the groups in which we are members of. This aspect of this work will focus on two salient functions of the media amidst the various ones there are. Social heritage function- The onus lies on the media to transmit positive racial and ethnic values about every existing race and ethnic group. The act of highlighting and spotlighting the various negativities of races and ethnic groups should be avoided. Surveillance function- This is the duty the media owes to the society in circulating news and information when necessary, the media is responsible for providing information about events. THE CONSTRUCTION OF GROUP IDENTITY BY HOLLYWOOD (A STUDY OF THE LATINO RACE) There are five acclaimed races in the world: 1) Mongoloid (Asian and American Indian) 2) Caucasoid (European) 3) Australoid (Australian and oceanic) 4) Negroid (East African black). 5) Capoid (South African black) The Latinos could be said to belong to the Mongoloid race and most of the 315 million people who live in the United States of America are either immigrants or have ancestry to another country. In actual fact, the only truly American people are the Native ones. This country is based on the idea of migration in pursuit of a better social and economic life. According to U. S. Census Bureau (2012), there are roughly 52 million Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States, representing approximately 16. 7% of the total population of United States of America, and making them the nation’s largest ethnic minority. Among Hispanic subgroups, Mexicans rated as the largest at 63%, followed by Puerto Ricans (9. 2%), Cubans (3. 5%), Salvadorans (3. 3%), Dominicans (2. 8%), and the remaining 18. 2% were Colombians, Guatemalans, Portuguese, Honduras, Ecuadorians, Peruvians, Brazilian. The main reason for their migration has been either that they are politically endangered or have financial problems. For instance the Cubans who ended up in America wanted to escape from the political conditions in their country. Escaping from the communist government practiced in Cuba, they were considered as ‘political refugees’ in America for three and a half decades until 1995. As a result of America’s opposition to the Cuban government, they were treated in America better than almost any other ethnic group. This has also been partly because of their high level of education and professionalism before migration (Martins, 2006 as seen in Mousavi Sadeghi, 2013). Latinos, Mexicans in particular, mostly live in the Southwest; almost half in California and Texas. Puerto Ricans are mostly in the East and Cubans are in Florida. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, legal Hispanic household income is only 75 percent of White American income. There is also a high rate of poverty and unemployment among them, and their socio economic status is at a low level. The cause for this situation is partially their jobs being the lowest paid ones, their low education level, and employment discrimination (Camarillo and Bonilla, 2001). They are present in the news, advertisements, election campaigns, political debates, television and films. The common major feature that is present in all of these portrayals is the problems related to them that should be solved and not to be glorified, exaggerated or exploited by Hollywood. Before now African Americans were more likely to be portrayed as domestic workers in Hollywood. African Americans played major roles in television sitcoms such as â€Å"Beulah† in the 1950’s and â€Å"Gone with the wind† in 1939. In recent times Latinos have increasingly replaced African Americans as Hollywood domestics. Hollywood has presented an incorrect reality of the Latino people to the American people and to the world at large, it has exaggerated a poor image of this particular race. Although the Latinos who live in America get more roles to play in Hollywood, most of these roles are mentioned in the next paragraph. The Latino female is often presented as a temptress, vamp, lustful, promiscuous, unfaithful, manipulative, of loose morals or submissive at times in relation to a white male fantasy, low class, serving the whites. A list of Ten Latino Female artists who have played the role of a maid in Hollywood Movies/series. Jennifer Lopez – Maid in Manhattan, 2002 Aida Linares- Clueless, 1995 Lupe Ontiveros- As good as it gets, 1997 (She has played an estimate of 150 maid roles on television). Consuela-Family Guy, 2005-till present Nadine Valesquez-My name is Earl, 2005-2009 Paz Vega- Spanglish, 2004 Kate Del Castillo- La misma Luna, 2007 Adriana Barraza- Babel, 2006 Catalina Saavedra, The maid, 2009 Roselyn Sanchez, Devious Maids, 2013- till present Pania Ramirez – Devious Maids, 2013 till present THE MEDIA, DIVERSITY AND SOCIAL CHANGE INITIATIVE (MDSCI)’S SIX YEAR STUDY REVEALS SOME STATISTICS. Among the racial and ethnic groups studied in the Media, Diversity, and Social Change Initiative’s report, released August 2014, Latinos made up only 4. 9% of movie characters across 100 of 2013’s top-grossing films. According to the U. S. Census Bureau’s estimates, there are roughly 52 million Latinos in the U. S. as of July 1, 2011, or just over 16% of the current U. S. population. That number is on track to reach 132. 8 million — or about 30% of the U. S. population — by July 1, 2050. LATINOS THAT ARE DEPICTED IN TOP-GROSSING MOVIES ARE MOSTLY NAKED. While the study does note that â€Å"Hispanic females (37. 3%) were more likely to be featured in popular films than were white females (29. 6%) or Asian females (32%),† Latinas are also more likely than females among any of the other groups studied (37. 5%, to be precise) to be shown partially dressed or nude on the big screen. LATINOS ARE ALSO HIGHLY LIKELY TO BE SEXUALIZED. The sexualization of Latinos does not stop with women. Latino men were the most likely among the studied groups (16. 5%) to be depicted wearing â€Å"tight, alluring or revealing clothing. † DANGERS OF THE NEGATIVE PORTRAYAL OF RACE ETHNICITY BY THE MEDIA ? Since there is a tendency to believe what is represented or depicted by the media; as particular races or ethnic groups are often negatively portrayed, others who are not acquainted with such group of people are bound to believe they are actually the way the media has presented them. ?Another danger of negative portrayals of race/ethnic groups by the media is that the younger ones from such groups may not be able to see themselves better than the way the media has portrayed them. For example if a race is continually depicted as a maid or as vulgar murderer the younger generation of such groups may not see anything wrong with being that way and could actually end up as same. ? This particular race have existing challenges of employment, poor education; the continuous depictions as such does not help solve these problems, but only worsens them. ?It could be difficult for people who are negatively portrayed to keep relationships with or amongst other races who are depicted as superior to them. THE NOLLYWOOD CONSTRUCT OF ETHNICITY (A STUDY OF THE YORUBA, AND NORTHERN NIGERIANS) The founding fathers of Yoruba films in Nigeria i. e. Herbert Ogunde, Moses Olaiya (Baba Sala) Based their works on the constructive values of the Yoruba ethnic group without leaving their audience entertained. In recent times Nollywood has neglected the transfer of social heritage function in the production of Yoruba films. More often than necessary abusive statements, raining of curses and the invention of such and rascality has been synonymous with Yoruba films. The very rich Yoruba culture which the world could learn from is often being tarnished by our film industry. However there are various Yoruba producers who focus on spreading the positivity of the Yoruba culture i. e. Tunde Kelani, Tade Ogidan, Yinka Afolayan. Men from the Northern part of Nigeria are also often times portrayed as either a gateman or the security man of a well-established family. The character who could actually be Yoruba speaks like a man from the north to convince the audience that the gateman is a man from the Northern part of the Country. Little does Nollywood know that many of the gatemen in Lagos which I can speak for are not even Nigerians. I have observed that most of the gatemen/security men in reality are actually from Niger Republic many of them look like Nigerian Northerners, are able to speak Hausa language but they are not Nigerians. RECOMMENDATIONS ?Every race has some sort of value and norms that could be positive, the media should hereby seek out such and spread them. The media needs to respect the fact that every human person has dignity and should be portrayed as such. ?They never should never assume that a particular race or ethnicity is less than the other, regardless of the socio economic status of such groups. ?The media should seek to solve the challenges faced by some races and ethnic groups rather than exploit them. The media should be reminded that they are socially responsible to the society, thus they should be mindful of what they feed the society with.

Primary School and Typical Young Kid Essay Example for Free

Primary School and Typical Young Kid Essay I can remember one event in my grade school days that I did not like. You could say it being one of my worst days of my life. I was in the fifth grade, in a school in Clovis, NM. This school believed in paddling if you got in trouble. The teacher I had, acted like he love to enforce this rule. He would tell us, every time we acted out, that he was going to paddle us as he waved his paddle in the air. We were told to do homework for the weekend and to bring it back on the next Monday. I didn’t want to do this long homework assignment, I wanted to go play with my friends and play video games. I was a typical young kid; I just wanted to have fun. That whole weekend I did not touch that assignment. I don’t even think I took my homework out from my backpack. The Moring of that Monday I completely forgot about my homework. When I got to school and sat down at my desk, the teacher asked â€Å"Who did their homework†? Most of the class raised their hands; I was not one of them. The teacher told for the ones that did not do their work have to stay in for recess and finish it. That just made me mad; I wasn’t allowed to go play with my friends. When recess time came and when my friends went out to play, I just stared out the window and refused to do my work. About the time recess was over and the class was coming in, the teacher walked in and told us to bring our work to his desk in front of the class. There was only two of use that gave him a blank assignment. He didn’t take that to well, as he grabbed both papers and directed us to follow him to the office. At the office he looked up for our parent’s numbers from the school records. When he called my step mom and told her what I did he asked if it was ok to discipline me, if he couldn’t do it than she was to come and do it herself. He hanged up the phone with only the word â€Å"Ok† and then he took both of us out in the hall and paddled us both with two swings each across our bottoms. I did not like that school day, I never saw that teacher the same way after that incident. It made me be aware of my actions. From that day I made sure I did all my work. I didn’t want to get paddle again. It was a very cruel way to punish but it was a very infected to make the kids listen.

Comparing Thomas Paines Common Sense and Thomas Jeffersons Declaratio

Comparing Thomas Paine's Common Sense and Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence In Thomas Paine's Common Sense, there are some similarities and differences in the tone as compared to Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. Paine's approach to his work contrasts that of Jefferson's. However, they still use the same basic techniques to making their feelings known, which include examining the problem, giving reasons for why it is a problem, and offering their opinion on the solution. Jefferson's and Paine's difference in their tone is evident when examining who they are addressing the documents to, the overall layout of their documents, and the relative importance of the documents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Paine constructs Common Sense as an editorial on the subject of the relationship between the Colonies and Great Britain. Through the paper, he hopes to educate his fellow Americans about this subject. In his introduction, he says he feels that there is 'a long habit of not thinking a thing wrong'; which 'gives it a superficial appearance of being right'; (693). He is alluding to the relationship, also calling it a 'violent abuse of power'; (693). This choice of words is similar to those of Jefferson, who asserts that the king had established an 'absolute tyranny'; over the states. Both men set an immediate understanding about their feelings towards the rule of Great Britain over the States. However, where Common Sense seems to be an opinionated essay, Thomas Jefferson writes somewhat of a call to battle. Paine generally seems to be alerting his readers to the fact that there is more going on than they are aware of. Jefferson, on the other hand, begins his d eclaration by stating, 'When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another'; (715). Unlike Paine, this seems to presuppose that readers are aware of the plight of the nation, and Jefferson is announcing that the time has come to take a stand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main part of Common Sense contrasts in concept with the majority of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson takes a rather rough approach to his writing style, deciding to introduce his ideas in the beginning few paragraphs, then proceeding to list his grievances in the bulk of the piece. Paine however, presents his ideas in more of a persuasive ... ...es breakaway from Great Britain. Both men had to know of the significance of their documents, so this was another factor on their tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Jefferson and Paine show some similar views and intentions in their respective documents. Both writers argue that the new States would be better off without the ties to Great Britain, and both offer very valid points as to why this should occur. However, the differences can be seen in the writing styles and overall tone of the work. Paine becomes more of a salesman, trying to sell his readers to his thoughts on the government of Great Britain, though not completely becoming a force on the matter. Jefferson maintains a very up-front approach, simply overwhelming his readers with numerous examples and energetic voice, concluding with the 'final word' on the matter. However much the style differs, though, the two documents were equally compelling and served to motivate a nation into fighting for their independence. Bibliography: Jefferson, Thomas. "The Declaration of Independence." 1776 Paine, Thomas. "Common Sense." Electronic Library of Primary Sources: The Americans. CD-ROM. McDougal Littell. Evanston, IL: 1999.

History Of The Olympics :: essays research papers

History of the Olympics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 776 BC a foot race was run. The winner was the first Olympic hero ever. From that very first race to today, the Olympics have always been a way for nations to come together in friendly competition and international goodwill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conditions of the first Olympics were not anything like they are today. The events were held in an open space in which a track had been paced off, areas for the javelin and discus had been laid out, etc. The spectators did not have stands to sit in; instead, they occupied the sloping areas around the track; sitting on blankets and sleeping in tents if they were wealthy enough to have one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because the games were held during the hottest time of the year, flies were a terrible problem. The problem was so pervasive that an offering, in the form of a sacrifice, was made to Zeus, asking him to keep the flies away from Olympia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As time went on different features and structures were added to the site. A hippodrome was built for the chariot races, a gymnasium and bathhouse for the athletes, and even a hotel for the wealthiest of spectators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vendors were there, selling wine that the spectators drank along with the cheese, bread and olives they ate. Sanitation was basically nonexistent. Water was always in short supply until Herodes Atticus of Athens built an aqueduct and a water system. This did not occur until the games had been taking place for 900 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The contests consisted of foot races, horse and chariot races, boxing, wrestling, discus, javelin, broad jump, and horse races. The horse races were unique in that the prizes were given to the owner of the horse, not the rider. The discus, javelin and broadjump were part of the pentathlon event which also included a 200-meter dash and a wrestling match. The winner had to have taken three of the five events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the fifth and final day of the festival, the athletes marched to the temple of Zeus to collect their winnings, the coveted victor’s olive wreath. The winner of an Olympic event won much more than just the olive wreath however. He was often awarded a cash bonus by his townspeople; sometimes a pension for life. Additionally, he was welcomed as a contestant at other festivals where the prizes were often large amounts of cash.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning the athletes were aristocrats, as they had the free time necessary to train for the games.

Conflict, Climax, Resolution of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Conflict, Climax, Resolution of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† makes a statement regarding the nature of the conflict in the works of Hawthorne:    Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere.’ For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces – spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in man’s nature. †¦Those who read him as a Christian moralist recognize instantly an opposition between Head and Heart, reason and passion which is related not only to Puritan theology but to the Neo-Classical view of man†¦.(68-69)    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is, in the estimation of various literary critics, an example of various types of conflicts. This essay will examine them and also the climax and resolution of this short story.    Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick in â€Å"Stories Derived from New England Living† state that   â€Å"’Young Goodman Brown’ uses the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man’s heart and mind† (31). The conflict between pride and humility is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13). There is little doubt about the pride of the protagonist as he scolds his wife for not fully trusting him: "’My love and my Faith,’ replied young Goodman Brown, ‘of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs be done 'twixt now and sunrise. What, my sweet, pretty wife, dost thou doubt me already, and we but three mo... ...W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965.    McPherson, Hugo. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.          Conflict, Climax, Resolution of Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown Essay Conflict, Climax, Resolution of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† makes a statement regarding the nature of the conflict in the works of Hawthorne:    Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere.’ For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces – spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in man’s nature. †¦Those who read him as a Christian moralist recognize instantly an opposition between Head and Heart, reason and passion which is related not only to Puritan theology but to the Neo-Classical view of man†¦.(68-69)    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is, in the estimation of various literary critics, an example of various types of conflicts. This essay will examine them and also the climax and resolution of this short story.    Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick in â€Å"Stories Derived from New England Living† state that   â€Å"’Young Goodman Brown’ uses the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man’s heart and mind† (31). The conflict between pride and humility is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13). There is little doubt about the pride of the protagonist as he scolds his wife for not fully trusting him: "’My love and my Faith,’ replied young Goodman Brown, ‘of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs be done 'twixt now and sunrise. What, my sweet, pretty wife, dost thou doubt me already, and we but three mo... ...W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965.    McPherson, Hugo. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.         

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions :: Tithonus

Tithonus and the Eternal Consequences of Decisions "Tithonus" was written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.   The poem's setting is the ancient story of Tithonus.   Tithonus fell in love with Eos, goddess of the dawn, and asked her for immortality.   Unfortunately for Tithonus he did not ask for eternal youth, only eternal life.   He, therefore, grows old but never dies while Eos not only never dies but also never grows old.   What makes Tithonus's situation worse is that "the gods themselves cannot recall their gifts" (49).   This dramatic monologue is characteristic of Tennyson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tithonus is an excellent example of a dramatic monologue.   There is a speaker, Tithonus, who is not the poet.   There is an audience-the gods.   Another characteristic of a dramatic monologue found in Tithonus is an exchange between the speaker and the audience:   "I asked thee, 'Give me immortality?'" (15).   A character study is when the speaker speaks from an extraordinary perspective:   Tithonus is looking back on his decision, a decision which the reader will never be able to make but can only dream of making.   His portrayal of his decision causes the common response to be rejected:   most people would want eternal life, but Tithonus proves this short-sighted.   Tithonus proves the wish for immortality vain by stating that: Why should a man desire in any way To vary from the kindly race of men, Or pass beyond the goal of ordinance Where all should pause, as is most meet for all?   (29-31).      Another trait of the dramatic monologue is the dramatic, or critical, moment.   In Tithonus this moment is when Tithonus decides that he does not want immortality: "take back thy gift" (27).   "Tithonus" has all of the basic traits of a dramatic monologue: a speaker who is not the poet, an identifiable audience, an exchange between the two, a critical moment, and a character study of the speaker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One other trait of a dramatic monologue is a dramatic tension.   This tension is between harsh judgment and sympathy.   This tension makes the audience see objectively rather than subjectively.   The audience has sympathy for Tithonus, because he suffers:   "strong hours indignant worked their wills, and beat me down and marred and wasted me" (50)   His telling the story also bring sympathy from the audience.   The audience must judge Tithonus negatively, because he has made an error.   His error was his will "to vary from the kindly race of men" (29).

I Was Helping My Mother When Suddenly… Essay

I was helping my mother in the kitchen when suddenly an ear-piercing sound struck from above.I dashed to the upper floor to check out what was happened. ‘Oh god.What is this?’I wondered while pointing at a footprint. I knew something weird was happened.The footprint was familiar.I ignored it.Instead,to make my mother calm,I said that was nothing occurred as she is suffering from cardio-illness,a common disease suffered by the Malaysian. ‘What’s happening?’ my mother asked me.’Nothing,just the sound of lightning.We better close the windows.Maybe rain will pour down,’ I showed a relaxing expression as there was nothing happened,relax.. not at all.I thought back about the footprint.That footprint was so familiar,but I seem could not remember where I found that. ‘David,can you help me to take the cooking pot in the attic?’my mother requested.’Oh,please!I am afraid of the dark.’I said. My mother then mumbled and said that I was like my late father,an achluophobia man.Oh,you want to know what was happened to my father?Actually,he was an engineer,to be specific,engineer in oil derrick.Last month,he went to the oil platform in the middle of the sea at Jertih,Terengganu. He said he went there for only 4 days,but he still not went back after 2 weeks.My mother called the management office in Jertih.They said that he was gone while in his way to the seashore. ‘I missed your father,David’my mother said to me. Back to the main point.I investigated the footprint in my room.And I looked up,the window was opened.I walked towards it,scouted outside.There was nothing there.I closed the window and laid down onto my bed. ‘Ouch!What is this?’I asked myself. There was a small box on my bed.I wondered what was inside it.I opened the brown box.There was a necklace,made up of pure gold.Why there was a gold necklace in my room? Suddenly,my room became dark. ‘No!Not this time!Argghh!’I expressed my dissatisfaction. I ran to my mother’s room.My terrible fear towards the darkness was to the limit,especially when it happened all of a sudden.I hid under my mother’s blanket. ‘David!Why are you being like this?There’s nothing to be afraid of,’My mother quipped me. Suddenly,my house bell rang.My mother asked me to open the door to check out who is coming.To be a good son,I braved myself to open the door.I paced to the door and opened it.The creaking sound of the door enhanced my fear up.I was already trepidated.I looked up and I could see an apparition of a tall creature.It was so dark that I could not see it clearly. ‘Damn!What is this?’I whispered. I grabbed a torchlight to see what was the object in front of my house door.I Found out that was the man I knew, Mr.David Chelshire.He was my father! I was flabbergasted. ‘Is this a dream?’I asked myself. I was confused.My father was believed to be gone on his way to the seashore from the oil platform last month. ‘This is me,David!This is me!’He said. I shouted and called my mum down.She was shocked and nearly fainted when she saw my father. ‘Actually,I planned this thing with the workers in the management office.I knew that your mother would call them.And my plan to be back in our Anniversary Day Became true.’He added. He asked me to take the gold necklace he left in my room.I took the necklace and gave to him.Then,he gave to my mum. ‘Happy Anniversary Day,my dear!’my father said to my mother. My mother cried. Now,all mysteries solved.That was the reality.About the footprint,it was the footprint of a pair of shoes I bought for my father for his birthday.And believe me,it was the sweetest Anniversary Day for them,perhaps.

Chemistry Study Guide (Exam 2)

Examination #2 – Chapters 4,5, and 6 Study Guide Chapter 4 – Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions * Reactions Stoichiometry * mole-mole conversions * mass-mass conversions * Limiting Reactants * What is the Limiting Reagent * How do we find the L. R. * Solutions * Molarity – definition and how to calculate * Dilutions Calculations (M1V1 = M2V2, careful with M2) * Solution Stoichiometry * volume-volume conversions * volume-mass conversions * Molecular interpretation of solubility * solubility rules * Precipitation Reactions * Determining reaction products * Following Solubility rules Molecular Formula, Total ionic formula, net ionic formula * Acid-Base Reactions * Oxidation-Reduction reactions * Identify odixation states * Identify which species was oxidized and reduced Chapter 5 – Gases * Pressure – definition * Simple Gas Laws * Boyle's Law – pV * Charles's Law – P/T * Avogadro's Law – nT * Ideal Gas Laws * pV=nRT * Densit y calculations * Molar Mass calculations * Molar Volume * Partial Pressures * Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures * Eudometer calculations * Gas Reaction Stoichiometry * Volume – moles conversions * Kinetic Molecular Theory * 4 components of the theory * You DO NOT need to know the derivation of I.G. L. * Effusion of Gases * Real Gases * van der Waals equation * Your extra credit question will have to do with this topic! * Atmospheric Chemistry * 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question Chapter 6 – Thermochemistry * Nature of Energy * System versus Surroundings * Definition of Energy, internal energy, law of conservation of energy * 1st Law of Thermodynamics * ? E = q + w * Sign convention, (is it positive or negative) * Heat and work * pV work * m Cs ? T heat transfer * conservation of thermal energy * Calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry * only heat contributes to ? E * Enthalpy * Definition, equation Calculation using constant pressure calorimetry * Exother mic versus Endothermic reactions (sign of ? H) * Hess's Law * Enthalpy of reactions manipulations * This is a hard topic, please, please, please review this after Wednesday! Examination #2 – Chapters 4, 5, and 6 Study Guide Chapter 4 – Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions * Reactions Stoichiometry * mole-mole conversions * Needs a balanced chemical equation * **Again no clear examples. Let me know if you can find any** * mass-mass conversions * **No clear examples. Let me know if you can find any** * Limiting Reactants * What is the Limiting Reagent The limiting reagent is also known as the limiting reactant. It is the reactant that limits the amount of product in a chemical reaction. Notice that the limiting reactant is the reactant that makes the least amount of product. * How do we find the L. R. * Example: * How many grams of N2 (g) can be produced from 9. 05 g of NH3 (g) reacting with 45. 2 g of CuO (s)? Create and Balance a Chemical Equation: 2NH3 (g) + 3CuO (g) N2 (g) + 3Cu (S) + 3H2O (l) 9. 05 g NH3 x 1 mol NH3 x 1 mol N2 x 28. 02 N2 = (7. 44 g N2) 17. 04 g NH3 2 mol NH3 1 mol N2 45. 2 g CuO x 1 mol CuO x 1 mol N2 x 28. 2 N2 = (5. 31 g N2 Less = LR Cuo is the Limiting Reactant! * Solutions * Morality – definition and how to calculate * Definition: * Amount of solute (in moles) per amount of solution (in Liters) * Molarity (M) = Amount of Solute (in moles) Amount of Solution (in L) * **Side Note** * Homogenous Mixture = solutions (Salt Water) * Solvent (a component in a solution) : Majority component, what something is dissolved in. (Water) * Solute (another component in a solution) : Minority component, what is being dissolved (salt) * Example: What is the molarity of a solution containing 3. 4 g of NH3 (l) in 200. 00 mL of solution? Given: 3. 4 g of NH3M = moles of solute (NH3) 200. 00 mL L of Solution (200. 00 mL) Convert: 3. 4 g NH3 X 1 mol NH3 = (0. 20 mols NH3) 17. 04 G nh3 200 mL X 1 L = (0. 2L) 1000 mL M = 0. 20 mols NH 3 / 0. 2 L = 1. 0 M NH3 **More examples in Notes! ** * Dilutions Calculations (M1V1 = M2V2, careful with M2) * Diluting a solution is a common practice and the number of moles of solute will not change! [ (M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2) ] * Examples: What is the concentration of a solution prepared by diluting 45. mL of 8. 25 M HNO3 to 135. 0 mL? M1V1 = M2V2 8. 25 M HNO3 X 0. 045 L = M2 X 0. 135 L 0. 135 L 0. 135 L M2 = 275 M HNO3 * Solution Stoichiometry * volume-volume conversions * When using morality, you can easily extract moles! * With a balance chemical equation, you can convert between amounts of substances. * Exampes: Look at notes OR page 145 TB * volume-mass conversions * Examples: Look at notes OR page 145 TB * **This wasn’t clear and If you know what this means, let me know. Or else I will ask Donavan on Saturday (Because there wasn’t a specific section for the two bullet points) Molecular interpretation of solubility * solubility rules – be familiar with the c hart/table that Prof. Donavan gave out 2 interactive forces that affect solubility: 1. solute-solute interaction 2. solute-solvent interaction if solute-solvent interactions are strong enough, solute will dissolve (solute-solvent interaction ; solute-solute interaction) * Precipitation Reactions * Determining reaction products General Form: AX (aq) + BY (aq) > AY (aq) + BX (s) Example: 2KI (aq) + Pb (NO3)2 (aq) >2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) * Following Solubility rules Molecular Formula, Total ionic formula, net ionic formula Examples: Molecular Formula: 2KOH (aq) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) > 2KNO3 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (s) Total ionic formula: * 2K+ (aq) + 2(OH)– (aq) + Mg2+ (aq) + 2(NO3)– (aq) > 2K+ (aq) + 2(NO3)- (aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) Net Ionic formula: (remove all spectator ions : ions that are aqueous as reactants and stay aqueous when they turn into products) Mg2+(aq) + 2(OH)-(aq) > Mg(OH)2(s) * Acid-Base Reactions General Form: HA (aq) + BOH (aq) > H2O (l) + BA (aq) Example: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) > H2O (l) + NaCl (aq) * Oxidation-Reduction reactions Oxidation is the loss of electrons * Reduction is the gain of electrons * Oxidation states: charges that allow us to keep track of electrons in chemical reactions * Identify oxidation states 1. Charge states of neutral compounds are zero 2. Charge of atoms in polyatomic ions need to add up to the total charge of the polyatomic 3. Keep Alkali metals as +1 alkali earth metals as +2 4. Keep F (fluorine’s) as -1 H as +1 O as -2 * Identify which species was oxidized and reduced * Look in last section of Chapter 4 Notes Chapter 5 – Gases * Pressure – definition Pressure: The force per unit area * Pressure comes from the constant interaction with a container * Standard Pressure = Normal Atmospheric Pressure * 760. 0 mm Hg = 1 atm * 760. 0 torr = 1 atm * 1. 000 atm * 101, 325 pa (pascals) = 1 atm * 14. 7 psi (lbs per square inch) = 1 atm * Example: * (45. 0 psi) x (101, 325 pa) x (1 k pa) ______________________ _______ = 310. kPa (14. 7 psi) x (1000 pa) * Simple Gas Laws * Boyle's Law – pV * The volume of a gas inversely proportional to its pressure, provided the temperature and quantity of gas don’t change. * V= k/p Actual Equation: pV= K * Example: A balloon is put in a bell jar and the pressure is reduced from 782 torr to 0. 500 atm. If the volume of the balloon is now 2. 78 x 10^3 mL, what was it originally? V1 = 782 torr x 1. 000 atm/760 torr = 1. 03 atm (1. 03 atm)(V1) = (. 500 atms)(2. 78 x 10^3 mL) After Rearranging the equation: V1= 1350 mL or 1. 35 x 10^3 mL * Charles's Law – P/T * The volume of a gas is diretly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure and quantity of the gas that don’t change. (V= KT) **Temp in Kelvin Only** * For changes in Volume (involving temperature): * V1/T1 = V2/T2 For Changes in Pressure: * P/T (initial) = P/T (final) * Example: (LOOK IN NOTES ) * Avogadro's Law – nT * The volume of a gas is directly propo rtional to the quantity of gas, provided the pressure and temperature of the gas don’t change. (V=Kn) * For changes in volume (involving moles) * V1/n1 = V2/n2 * Example: (LOOK IN NOTES ) * Ideal Gas Laws * pV=nRT * NEED TO KNOW THIS FORMULA! * P = pressure (atm) * V = volume (L) * n = quantity (moles) * T = temperature (K) * R = Universal Gas Constant * (0. 08206 Latm/molK) OR * (8. 314 J/molK) * Example: (look in notes ) Density calculations * Density of a gas @ STP: * For an Ideal gas @ STP, the molar volume = 22. 7 L * Density = mass/volume = mass/1mole = molar mass/molar volum * volume/1mole * Density for a gas NOT @ STP: * If gas isn’t at stp * Then D = P(MM)/ RT or D = m/v * Molar Mass calculations * From the equations: pV = mRT/MM You get: MM = mRT/ pV * Example (Look in notes ) * Molar Volume * At STP, all ideal gases take up the same volume. * Molar Volume = # of L of gas 1 mole of gas This also works: V/n = RT/P * Partial Pressures Dalton's Law of Partial Pr essures * The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures by each gas. * The pressure of a gas would exert if it were alone in a container. * You can calculate the Partial Pressure from Ideal gas Law * If 2 gases , A and B are mixed together * P(A) = (nA)(R)(T)/ (V) and P(B) = (nB)(R)(T)/ (V) * Since R, T, and V are all constant for a mixture * P(total) = P(A) + P(B) = (nTotal)(R)(T)/ (V) * nTotal = sum of nA + nB * Example: (Look in notes ) Eudiometer calculations * An Eudiometer is a gas collecting Tube * Example: 2Zn (s) + 6HCl (aq) 3H2 (g) + 2ZnCl3 (aq) H20 (l) H2O (g) P(total) = P(H2) + P(H20) (value may be looked up at table 5. 4) * 0. 12 moles of Hz is collected over H20 in a total 10. 0 L container at 323 K. Find the total pressure. P = nRT/V P(H2) = (0. 12 mol H2) (0. 08206 Latm/molK) (323 K)= 0. 3181 am (10. 0L) P(total) = P(H2) + P(H20) P(H2O) @ 50 degrees Celsius = 92. 6 mmHg P(total) = 240mmHg + 96. 6mmHg = 330mmHg * Gas Reaction Stoichiometry * Gen eral Concept plan on most problems: P, V, T of Gas A Amount A (in moles) Amount B (in moles) P, V, T of Gas B * Volume – moles conversions * Ex: Methanol CH3OH can be synthesized by the following reaction * CO2 (g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) * What is the volume (in liters) of hydrogen gas @ a temperature of 355 K and pressure of 738 mmHG, is required to synthesize 35. 7 g of methanol * Given: 35. 7 g CH3OH temp: 355 K pressure: 738 mmHG * Find: V of H2 * 1. G of CH3OH mols * 35. 7g CH3OH x 1 mol CH3OH = 1. 1142 mol CH3OH 31. 04 g CH3OH * 2. Mol CH3OH mol H2 * 1. 11 mol CH3OH x 2 mols H2 = 2. 23 mols H2 1 mol CH3OH 3. N(mol H2), P, T VH2 * Convert your mmhg to ATM, and get . 971 atm * VH2= (2. 23 mol H2) (. 08206 l atm/ mol K) (355 K) = 66. 9 L .971 atm * VH2= 66. 9 L * Kinetic Molecular Theory * In this theory a gas is modeled as a collection of particles (either molecules or atoms depending on the gas ) in constant motion. * Ex, a single particle moves in a straight line until it co llides with another particle (or with the walls of its container). * 4 components of the theory 1. Particles are infinitely small and have no volume 2. Average kinetic energy of a particle is proportional to the temperature (k). . Particles travel in two straight lines following Newtonian Laws 4. All collisions are elastic (no attractive or repulsive forces) * You DO NOT need to know the derivation of I. G. L. * Effusion of Gases * Effusion: the process by which a gas escapes from a container into a vacuum through a small hole. * The rate of effusion (the amount of gas that effuses in an amount of time) is also related to the root mean square velocity * Rate is ? 1M * Grahms law of effusion: * The ratio of effusion rates of two different gases. * For example (look in notes, end of chapter 5) Real Gases * van der Waals equation is an equation used to correct for the discrepancies from the Kinetic Molecular Theory that real gases undergo. Real gases attract each other, therefore, real pressure ; ideal pressure. Real gases also take up space, therefore, real volume ; ideal volume. [P + a (n/v)? ] x (V – nb) = nRT where: a – corrects for molecular interaction. It makes the real pressure larger so it equals the ideal pressure b – corrects for molecular size. It decreases the volume of the container. * Your extra credit question will have to do with this topic! * Atmospheric Chemistry 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question * 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question 1. Hydrocarbon combustion for automobiles 2C8H18 + 2SO2 > 16CO2 + 18 H2O At high temperature, nitrogen can also be combusted, which causes a problem. N2 + O2 > 2NO 2NO + O2 > 2NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) – photochemical smog (causes problem in the environment) 2. Combustion of coal from power plants (Ex. Electrical cars) C + O2 > CO2 (Coal contains a significant amount of sulfur and it further combusts) S8 + 8O2 > 2SO3 2SO2 + O2 > 2SO3 SO3 + H2O > H2SO4 (H2SO4 results to acidification)But, people have found a way to eliminate the production of SO3 and that is by using â€Å"clean coal† and scrubbers. CaCO3 + SO2 > CaO + CO2 CaO + SO2 > CaSO3 (s) (calcium sulfite) 3. Stratospheric Ozone O3 + UV > O2 + O (oxygen radical) O2 + O > O3 + IR These two equations above just shows how ozone is used and how it is just regenerated again. But, in 1974, Sherwood Rowland discovered that CFCs from air conditioners, refrigerators, and spray cans destroy the atmospheric ozone. CF2Cl2 + UV > CF2Cl + Cl (chlorine radical) Cl + O3 + UV > O2 + ClO ClO + O > O2 + Cl ( 1 Cl radical can destroy a hundred thousands of ozone) Practice test:  answer keyChapter 6 – Thermochemistry * Nature of Energy * System versus Surroundings System – the part of the universe we want to focus on (like a chemical reaction inside a beaker) Surrounding – everything else in the universe (like the glass of the beaker and the air around it) * Definition of Energy, internal energy, law of conservation of energy Energy is classified into two types: a. heat (q) – energy transferred that causes a temperature change (due to a change in the random motion of molecules) b. work (w) – energy transferred that causes an object to move (due to a change in the concerted motion of the molecules in the object) c. nits of energy: I. Joule (J) – the amount of energy it take to move 1kg mass a distance of 1 meter (unit: kg*m2/s2) II. Calorie (cal) – the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ? C 1 kcal = 1000 cal (food calories) 1 cal = 4. 184 J (exact measureme nt) Internal Energy – total energy of a system. (Esystem) Law of conservation of energy – energy is neither created or destroyed, only transferred. * 1st Law of Thermodynamics – The change in energy of a system is equal to heat that enters the system plus the work done on the system. * ? E = q + w a. ?E = change in the internal energy of a system E is (+) if the energy is absorbed by the system ?E is (-) if the energy is released by the system b. q = heat q is (+) if the heat is absorbed by the system q is (-) if the heat is released by the system c. w = work w is (+) if the work is done on the system w is (-) if the work is done by the system on the surrounding * Heat and work * pV work – is defined by the equation: w = -p? V * m Cs ? T heat transfer – q = m Cs ? T where: m = mass Cs = specific heat capacity (J/ g ? C) ?T = (Tfinal – Tinitial) – q = n Cm ? T where: n = number of moles Cm = molar heat capacity (J/ mol ? C) ?T = (Tfina l – Tinitial) conservation of thermal energy – the amount of energy that is given must be equal with opposite sign to that energy that is being taken. qsurr = – (qsys) msurr Cs(surr) ? T(surr) = -[msys Cs(sys) ? Tsys] * Calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry – â€Å"bomb† calorimetry, no pv work done, therefore only heat contributes to ? E qcal = Ccal ? T = -qrxn where: Ccal = calorimeter constant (KJ/ ? C) * * only heat contributes to ? E * Enthalpy * Definition, equation Enthalpy (? H) – the heat absorbed or released during a process taking place at a constant external pressure. ?H = qrxn = -qsurr ?H = -( m Cs ? T) Calculation using constant pressure calorimetry – refer to example in notes * Exothermic versus Endothermic reactions (sign of ? H) Endothermic reactions have (+) ? H because they are reactions that absorb heat. Exothermic reactions have (-) ? H because they are reactions that give off hea t. * Hess's Law * Enthalpy of reactions manipulations 2 rules to remember: 1. If a reaction is reversed, the sign of ? H flips (from negative to positive or from positive to negative) 2. If you multiply coefficients by a number, ? H is also multiplied by that number. * This is a hard topic, please, please, please review this after Wednesday!

Aeroflot essays

Aeroflot essays When discussing the airline to take when traveling to Russia, the name Aeroflot would always be the first choice. But with the break up of the former Soviet Union, Aeroflot found themselves on the brink of decreasing profit from rival companies. The adjustment from super monopoly in its market to falling far behind private Russian airline Transaero placed them in a search for market share. Aeroflot was stuck in a jam looking for the right mix to bring them back to the front line of Russian air transportation. Aeroflot's attempt to become a world-class airline has been hampered by a poor safety record, bad food, surly service, dilapidated cabins and frequently canceled or late flights. This did not hurt them when they where the only airline in its market, but when competition comes in, things begin to change. It is known that competition can only help the customers as this forces both companies to continue to improve to gain market share. Another problem with Aeroflot is that paid customers had occupied only 60% of their seats on flights. The next step for Aeroflot was to research and develop which marketing mix would help bring them back to an international airline. With some major problems involving customer service and overall product service to the consumers, Aeroflot searched for the right way to bring back their name to the market. The image the airline has selected for itself in its advertising campaign attempts to convince skeptical consumers that the airline has solved its safety and service problems. The campaign uses magazine, billboard and TV commercials, and features a flying elephant with a slogan that translates into "light on its feet." The not so subtle message means that if elephants can fly, so can Aeroflot (aeroflot.org). The meaning behind that advertising campaign using the elephant as the company symbol showed that something big like an airplane could fly freely in the sky. Lig...

Medieval Feasts essays

Medieval Feasts essays When I say the word medieval, what is the first thing that comes to mind? No, I am not talking about anything that has to do with the devil. I am referring to the time period long ago. Youve heard of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table right? In the middle ages, people came together and had great feasts. The food in the Middle Ages was very different from the food today. Their dinnerware was quite different too. They also had different ways of being entertained at these great social events. Hop in to that time machine because we are about to go into the past to experience a feast of royal proportions. Feasts were always held in the Great Hall in a kings or lords castle or manor and usually began around eleven in the morning. The tables were full of color and decoration. Beautiful tapestries hung from the walls. The Great Hall at one end had a raised platform (like a stage) called a dais. On the dais there would be a table where the lord, his family, and the most important guests sat. All the other tables were set perpendicular to the dais. Musicians (called minstrels) sat in a gallery ( a type of balcony facing the Great Hall) and played a fanfare as the food was brought in by an army of servant. There were three servants that are the most important of all: the carver, cupbearer, and sewers. The carver cut up the different meats while the cupbearer carried the cup to anyone who wanted a drink. Only the lord had his own cup, everyone else shared. Sewers served the food and made sure everyone was near a trencher, a plate made of stale bread from which everyone ate their food. The food was divided into portions called messes and shared among several people. Very important people had their own portions. The Middle Ages was not the cleanest time period in history. Usually, when a cook gave instructions, it included the phrase put your hand into ...

Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music

Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Gospel music is inspirational. Writing term schools papers about gospel music you may explore the inspirational effect of the gospel music or research the history of the gospel music. This page has a good sample term paper about gospel music. It is short but you may find some good ideas to start writing your own term paper. unites professional writers and students from all over the world.You may try our free paper blog with detailed tips on term paper writing, check our term paper samples, or try our custom paper writing services. Sample Term Papers: Gospel Music Literate, urban blacks increasingly depended on rehearsed music sung by choirs or smaller vocal groups, indebted in style to arrangements of spirituals popularized by the various jubilee singing groups of the day. Congregational support came as hand clapping and supportive ejaculations, not as singing. Modern black gospel music derives from this stage, though its history is difficult to trace because of the virtual absence of written or recorded documentation. A handful of phonograph discs made by the Dinwiddie Colored Quartet and other groups in the first years of the present century confirm that the harmonically based jubilee style had spread to other areas of black vocal music; field recordings made in the rural South and in Southern prisons in the 1930s and '40s tell us that triadic, tonal vocalizing had extended to orally disseminated music and that the male quartet (usually featuring one or two exceptionally high tenor voices) had become a popular medium; commercial recordings made in the 1920s of both sacred and secular music document the vocal and rhythmic viruosity which had become part of these traditions. A flood of recordings by black male gospel quartets in the 1930s and '40s, by the Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet, the Famous Blue Jay Singers, the Kings of Harmony, the Soul Stirrers, and many others, preserve some of the most complex music for small vocal ensemble ever performed, while underlining the successful integration of harmonic and formal aspects of white music into the expression of intensely black religious and musical expression. Other recordings from the same period inform us of the early utilization of instruments in black religious music. The modern era of gospel music, taken by most scholars to begin with the compositions of C. A. Tindley and Thomas A. Dorsey, falls outside the scope of the present chapter. However, its most important musical impulses were surely derived from spirituals and jubilee songs of the decades leading up to Wor ld War I.It has been said that the blues "represent the full racial expression of the Negro, the expression of the emotional life of a race. This solo secular vocal form took shape at just the time the spiritual was emerging in the postwar South, and like the latter it reflects aspects of African style and expression modified by circumstances of black life in America: (The) intensely personal nature of blues-singing is the result of what can be called the Negro's "American experience." African songs dealt, as did the songs of a great many of the preliterate or classical civilizations, with the exploits of the social unit, usually the tribe.

Learn the Pros and Cons of Ethanol and Its Production

Learn the Pros and Cons of Ethanol and Its Production Ethanol is simply another name for alcoholthe liquid made from the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. Ethanol  is also called  ethyl alcohol  or  grain  alcohol  and is abbreviated as EtOH. In the context of alternative fuels, the term refers to an alcohol-based fuel that is blended with gasoline to produce a fuel with a higher octane rating and fewer harmful emissions than unblended gasoline.  The chemical formula for ethanol is CH3CH2OH. Essentially, ethanol is ethane with a hydrogen molecule replaced by a  hydroxyl radical,OHwhich is bonded to a  carbon atom. Ethanol Is Made from Grains or Other Plants No matter what it is used for, ethanol is produced by processing  grains such as corn, barley, and wheat. The grain is first milled, then fermented with yeast in order to transform the grains starches into alcohol. A distillation process then increases the ethanol concentrations, such as when a liquor distiller refines whiskey or gin through a distilling process. In the process, waste grain is produced, which is usually sold as livestock feed. Another by-product, the carbon dioxide produced,   can be used in other industrial applications.  Another form of ethanol, sometimes called bioethanol, can be made from many types of trees and grasses, although the fermentation and distilling process is more difficult. The United States produces close to 15 billion gallons of ethanol a year, mostly in states close to large-scale corn growing centers. The top producing states are, in order,   Iowa, Nebraska,   Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana, South Dakota, Kansas, Wisconsin, Ohio and North Dakota. Iowa is by far the largest producer of ethanol, producing more than 4 billion gallons a year.   Experiments are underway on the possibility of using sweet sourgum as a source of fuel ethanol, which can be grown with only about 22% of the irrigation water required for corn. This may make sourgum a viable choice for regions with water shortages.   Blending Ethanol with Gasoline Blends of at least 85 percent ethanol are considered alternative fuels under the Energy Policy Act of 1992. E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline, is used in flexible fuel vehicles  (FlexFuel), which are now offered by most major auto manufacturers. Flexible fuel vehicles can run on gasoline, E85, or any combination of the two. Blends with more ethanol, such as E95, are also premium alternative fuels. Blends with lower concentrations of ethanol, such as E10 (10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline), are sometimes used to increase octane and improve emissions quality but are not considered alternative fuels. A good percentage of all gasoline sold now is E10, containing 10 percent ethanol.   Environmental Effects A blended fuel like E85 produces less carbon dioxide, the single most important greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. In addition, fewer volatile organic compounds are emitted by E85.   Ethanol  is not without its environmental risks, however, because when burned in internal combustion engines, it produces significantly more formaldehyde and other compounds that can increase ground levels of ozone.   Economic Benefits and Drawbacks Ethanol production supports farmers by offering subsidies to grow corn for ethanol, thereby creating domestic jobs. And because ethanol is produced domestically, from locally grown crops,   it reduces U.S. dependence on foreign oil and increases the nation’s energy independence On the flip side, growing corn and other plants for ethanol production requires a lot of farmland, monopolizing fertile soil which instead could be used to grow food that might feed the worlds hungry. Corn production is especially needy in terms of  synthetic fertilizer and  herbicide,  and it frequently leads to  nutrient  and  sediment pollution. According to some experts, the production of corn-based ethanol as an alternative fuel  may end up requiring  more energy than the fuel can generate, especially when counting the high energy costs of synthetic fertilizer production.   The corn industry is a powerful lobby in the U.S., and critics argue that corn-growing subsidies are no longer aiding smaller family farms, but are now mostly of benefit to the corporate farming industry. They argue that these subsidies have outlived their usefulness and perhaps should be spent on efforts that more directly affect the public welfare.   But in a world of dwindling fossil fuel supplies, ethanol is an important renewable alternative which most experts agree has virtues that outweigh its drawbacks.

Women in Gangs

Women in Gangs Youth gangs have spurred a sharp increase in social problems. The development of female gangs dates back to the 1980s. Family pressure, peer influence, ethnic, and economic decline are some of the forces, which lead to the establishment of the female gangs. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Categorically, female gangs fall into three distinct groups depending on the method and motive for establishment. According to criminologists, the gang can be independent, auxiliary, or hybrid. Socially, the gang drives fear in the community due to its involvement in criminal and delinquency activities. The following text expounds on the external/internal forces, which aggravate the establishment of the female gangs and the long-term consequences to the society. Contemporaneous female gang research cites immediate environment as the main aspect contributing to the formation of the ga ngs. Poor family background, early child abuse, sympathy, and self-affirmation are some of the motives behind the establishment of the negative social groups. In addition, social stratification also contributes to the formation of the gangs. Some communities sideline families believed to cause social problems like robbery, homicide, and abuse of drugs but eventually the isolation push the young stars to form or join gangs. Sociologists also point at economic hardships and loss of jobs as an aspect that drive young women to engage in criminal activities like robbery for survival. Moreover, illicit trading activities for instance, involving drugs lead to the formation of female gang groups who solely engage in the business. Criminologists categorize the female gang into three groups (Moore and Hagedorn 8). The first group is the independent/autonomous female gang, which engages in criminal activities, hold traditional/initiation rites, practice violence especially to other female ga ngs, form their own leadership strategies and may or not involve men in their activities. Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the group may establish some membership and hybrid rules. The auxiliary female gang is under the leadership of a male group, which directs their activities. Lastly, the hybrid (gender-integrated group) female group involves young stars from all races, gender, and ethnic group. The formation of the aforementioned groups has long-term impacts to both the persons involved and the society. In comparison to the male gangs, the female gangs have nothing to boast about in their antisocial career. According to Moore and Hagedorn imprisonment, drug abuse, early marriage, poor education, and motherhood linger on in the lives of the gang members for a longtime (8). Sex offences like rape that occur to females whose gang forms integration with men remain undercover. Consequently, the females experience emotional and psychological imbalance, which may force them to indulge in alcohol abuse and hard drugs like cocaine, khat, and marijuana among others. Miller and Decker cite violence/homicides as the short-term effect of females who join/form gangs (120). Therefore, poor health and isolation from the community/society because of involvement in drugs and other social crimes affects the individuals negatively. Although males and females may join forces to form a gang, females experience drastic decline in their health and social lives. Sociologists and criminologists associate female gangs to the immediate environment or family background. Nevertheless, sometimes adolescence, peer pressure, and self-affirmation influence youths to join the gangs. Nevertheless, regardless of the group that the females associate with; the long-term impacts are severe to their physical, social, and personal lives. Finally, sociologists recommend further research into the female gangs, as a social problem, which the society has neglected for a long time. Miller, Jody, and Scott Decker. â€Å"Young women and gang violence: gender, streetAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offending and violent victimization in gangs.†Justice quarterly 18.1(2001): 116-140. Moore, Joan, and John Hagedorn. â€Å"Female gangs: A focus on research.†Juvenile justice Bulletin, March 2001.

Importance of Eating Healthy

Importance of Eating Healthy Free Online Research Papers â€Å"To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art† Francois de La Rochefoucauld (1613 1680). Eating is necessary in order to live; but to eat with knowledge is a talent in it self. Unhealthy eating is one of the fastest growing health risks today. Obesity is a contributing factor which leads to many deadly illnesses and is spreading throughout the nation. There is a way to stop this killer and healthy eating is the cure. Healthful Eating will help one to live longer and give one the confidence needed in knowing that body is at its best. Making small changes in every day eating habits will enable people to move forward towards a healthier body and lifestyle. It is important that we eat healthily. To do this we have to have what is called â€Å"a diet.† To have a healthy diet, we have to make sure we eat the right kinds of foods. Nutritious foods are very beneficial; nutrients help us to grow, keep our bodies in good repair, and help us to stay fit and active. Healthful foods provide necessary nutrients to our body. Nutrients are a key factor to obtain energy so our muscles work properly, our brain remains active and our hearts continue to beat. Furthermore, â€Å"nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and regulate body processes, such as blood pressure† (WebMD 2005-2008). Living longer is what most people strive for. For countless people, it is a struggle to succeed at eating healthy. For others, this success comes naturally. â€Å"By committing to eat healthier, one will reduce their risk of many chronic diseases† (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). Studies show that reducing daily caloric intake to nineteen hundred will increase life expectancy by up to fifteen years. Research has also proven that reducing personal calorie consumption and choosing to eat the right foods on a daily basis can make a positive impact on an individuals’ well-being. Cutting calories and making healthier choices will give one more energy and stamina (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). With more energy, it is likely that one will become more active, which is a key element to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Changing one’s eating habits decreases the chance of getting high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggests the consummation of low fat or nonfat dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; our body’s intake of these foods may help in preventing some diseases. Apparently, the guidelines also emphasize balancing the food we eat with our activity to maintain our weight, drinking alcohol in moderation (no more than 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women) and limiting foods high in salt, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and added sugar (Rea, 2007). By eating many vegetables and fruits we may lower our risks of the following health problems: Lung, oral, esophageal, stomach, and colon cancer, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Those who choose to improve their eating behaviors will start to see their body transform and shed unnecessary fat. This significantly improves a person’s chances of living a longer, healthier life. Taking steps to become a more energetic person increases the chances of living a longer, healthier life. Choosing to eat hearty plays a vital role in giving the body the energy it needs to be and remain active. A healthy diet can help provide an individual with more liveliness, help them to stay active, and help to fight stress (Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S., 2008). Stress, itself, is a killer. Having minimal amounts of anxiety in one’s life encourages a good well- being. Having proper nutrition will safeguard someone from the dangers that come with unhealthy eating. By choosing to consume fruits and vegetables, instead of ‘junk food’, a person’s physical condition could dramatically improve. There are no exceptions to the rules when it comes to someone’s health. If it looks like its loaded and unhealthy, chances are it is. For example, a baked potato is noted on the food pyramid as being a healthy food choice. Once cheese, bacon, sour cream, and butter are added, one begins pushing the limits of healthy eating. The key for most people is to listen to what their conscience is saying. One of the first questions to consider is; is there a feeling of hunger? If the answer happens to be no, then individuals should focus their mind on other activities such as reading, walking, or bicycling. One should take advantage of physical activities â€Å"he† or â€Å"she† and â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† acquaintances enjoy doing together (Eating Healthy, 2006). When friends join each other in making healthy eating choices and keeping fit, the success rate for accomplishing set goals becomes much greater. The possibilities of achieving and maintaini ng good health is influenced by the company someone chooses to keep. One should inform friends and family about new dieting goals and encourage them to eat healthy as well. Doing so will develop a support system and encourage all to develop healthy lifestyles. There are steps that people can take to begin making the change to a healthier life. First, eat in modesty by portioning out correct serving sizes. During the first week, begin shopping for healthier foods. One should learn â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† likes and dislikes. Not only is about eating healthy, it is also about eating the right portion sizes. Learning the correct portion sizes will become easier with time. Becoming educated and doing research on what is considered healthy eating is another step one can take to become successful with personal goals. Using substitution may also allow individuals to reach their goals. For example, a person can jump start ‘his† or â€Å"her† diet in the mornings by eating an apple with breakfast. An apple, instead of coffee, will give one the extra boost of energy that is needed to complete a busy morning routine. Substituting foods can increase energy as well as cut calories. Not everyone is born with the ab ility to know how to eat hearty; however, everyone is capable of learning. â€Å"Healthy eating requires some planning and purpose† (Rodgers, E., 2005). Everyone that is new to the standard of healthier living knows that it is not easy. It takes discipline and effort to incorporate successfully healthful eating habits into everyday lifestyle. Once the new way of life has become habit, one will gain confidence as â€Å"his† or â€Å"her† body image begins to change. Once diets become healthier; metabolism rates will increase; one will continue to look and feel better; both physically and mentally. Achieving set goals will have a positive impact on self-esteem, one’s confidence. These emotions should be used to encourage healthy eating choices throughout daily routines. It is important when choosing to set goals towards a healthier lifestyle, one remains realistic. Set sensible goals, so that there is a gradual change. Changing too much at one time sets one up for failure. Rodgers, E. (2005) stated that, â€Å"food is one of lifes greatest pleasures, so enjoy it†. There are ways to enjoy food using a healthy approach. There are countless types of cookbooks that cater to a healthier lifestyle. There are many ways of creating tasty meals using vegetables and fruits. One must be willing to be creative and willing to try new foods. Setting goals for one-self; may be much different from what others choose. Goals should be set on a personal level. An example would be: one may choose to cut out regular soda consumption, while another may choose to limit dining-out to once weekly. People may find it more effective to begin setting small goals and progressively increasing expectations to prevent the feeling of being overwhelmed. Knowing one’s body is at its best is the key element in sticking with the decision to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Many people choose to keep special items of clothing in hopes of wearing it comfortably again. With effort and strength to make healthy eating choices, it is a possible goal. Not only can it become a personal change, others will notice too. As one’s body image begins to transform, confidence improves, vivacity of life becomes more evident, and others observe the difference as well. Society today, looking one’s best is highly recommended to be successful in the corporate world. Social events also necessitate the need for one, to look ‘his† or â€Å"her† best. Every aspect of one’s life can improve significantly with choosing a healthy lifestyle. Individuals empower themselves by controlling what and how much they eat. Life offers many exceptional pleasures and among them are delicacies of food. Enjoy the delicious fruits of nature but be sure to do it sparingly. The choices we make greatly affect our health. Making some simple nutritious and healthy changes in our food choices can make all the difference and have an exceptional impact on our body, health, and life span. Over indulging will bring a life time of sorrow. So embrace life and eat healthful, with doing that, one will ensure a longer healthier life. With time, patience and dedication we can all successfully learn the art of eating intelligently! If one is practicing unhealthful eating, ask one-self, is it worth it? Physical fitness means any body movement or activity that involves maintaining or enhances overall health and fitness. Exercise is used for many different reasons such as developing better skills in a sport, building endurance, and enhancing general reflexes. The fitness world is expanding every day from having a muscle bound body for the men, to a slim and trim look for the ladies. Everybody is on a continuous battle for achieving that perfect body. In order to compile such a task takes detection, time, goals, and a strong mind. There are two major factors that determine the physical appearance of a person, how they feel and their weight. Diet and exercise is a great mediator in the way a person looks, weighs and feels. Your diet will greatly impact on the way you look, the way you approach things and the amount you will be able to do physically. A good balanced diet consists of the five major food groups. No single food can provide all the essential nutrients needed for good health and well being. The five major food groups are: Bread and Cereal, Fruit, Vegetables, Meat and Meat Alternatives and the Milk Group. Bread and Cereal are recommended for six or seven serves per day. Fruit is recommended for two to three serves per day. Vegetables are recommended for four serves per day. Meat and Meat Alternatives are recommended for one serve per day. The Milk Group for a young or still growing person is of much greater importance than when the person has stopped growing. The reason for this is because a growing body needs fats and dairy products for energy and nutrients. After growing has stopped your body will store this as fat because the need for energy and nutrients is not as great. If you follow these plans to eat you will look and feel great, you will also be able to participate in more physical activities such as running, skipping and swimming. The food groups are broken up into three other groups: Eat Most, Eat Moderately and Eat Least. The eat most food group consists of foods such as: whole grain cereals, bread , pasta, rice, vegetables and fruit. The eat moderately food group consists of foods such as: milk, cheese, yoghurt, lean meat, poultry, fish, nuts, and eggs. The eat least food group contains foods like: butter, margarine, oils and sugar. Also to compensate for the fluids lost through perspiration, expiration and urine and feces we should drink two to three liters of water per day. These ideas may contribute to general health and well-being if put into practice. Exercise will also help you lose weight and have higher self-esteem by burning calories that will make you thinner. Exercise will also work your muscles and make you more flexible and agile. By participating in sport and exercise you develop physical skill and group loyalty. There are different kind of exercises that work out different parts of the body, and exercises are grouped into three types. Flexibility exercises such as stretching improve the range of motion of muscles and joints. Aerobic exercises like cycling, walking, running, hiking, or even playing tennis these exercises help in building cardiovascular endurance. And finally Anaerobic exercises include weight training, and sprinting these increase short-term muscle strength. Exercise does more then reduce weight, it can improve both our health and fitness, and should involve using as much of the body as possible. Exercise has two main benefits the first is short-term these are effects that happen during the activity like the heart rate will increase , which will increase the flow and pressure of blood. The second benefit is long-term. Long-term are lasting effects which effect the body like the heart becomes bigger, stronger and capable of pumping more blood. The lungs will also get more oxygen to the muscles, the muscles will increase in size and strength, and the cardiovascular system which is made up of two parts the heart and the blood vessels will be in better condition, everything is a chain reaction. References American Heart Association. (2008). Make Healthy Food Choices. Retrieved June 29, 2008, from americanheart.org Barston, S., Toscano M., Arthur, S. (2008).healthcare. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from helpguide.org Current Living. (2004- 2008). Be Nutrition Savvy. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from currentliving.com/categories/articles/gilbert/nutrition.shtm1 Eating Healthy (2006). Staying Active and Eating Healthy. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from womenshealth.gov Famous Quotes at Understand Famous Quotes dot com. (2007-2008). Eating Intelligently Is An Art. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from understandfamousquotes.com/ Rodgers, E. (2005). Health care Retrieved March 2, 2008, from health_yahoo.com Research Papers on Importance of Eating HealthyGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationLifes What IfsTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Sport in Lithuania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sport in Lithuania - Essay Example (Klimas, V. & Baublyte, M. 1997) The country's economy is based on a free market that has capitalistic principles. The government of Lithuania pursues a flat rate tax and the rate of unemployment in this country is very low and this has further led into the notion of the Baltic tiger. However the country has been in transition fro an economy that is communistically planned but it has also faced crisis in its financial sector partly because of the financial crisis in Russia. The country's GDP has grown by a rate of 7.5% since the year 2005 whereas the rate of inflation grew by 3%. The country's purchasing power parity is approximately $48.49 billion and the per capita income is estimated to be $15, 858. On the other hand the industrial composition of this country is estimated to be 33% the countries industries are inclusive of machine tools and metal cutting, television sets, food processing computers, optical equipment amongst others. The earliest inhabitants in Lithuania date back to 10,000 BC. The Lithuanians are neither Germanic nor Slavic even though the country's union with Germanic, Poland and Russian colonization as well as settlement left the religious and cultural influences. (K. Dawisha, B. Parrott 997) In the country of Lithuania the homogeneous population is the Lithuania and according to census that was conducted in the year 2001 84% of the population positively identified themselves as Lithuanians, 7% as the poles, 6% as the Russians, and 1.5% as the Belarusian's and 2% as the members of the other ethnic groups. The high percentage of the Lithuanians in the country could be highly influenced by the fact that in the 1990s the Lithuanian government embarked on granting citizenship to any person who lived in the country and also wished to have the country's citizenship. (Kaunas medical academy 1998) In the country's Vilnius region there is a higher concentration of the Poles. On the other hand the Russians in the country even though they are not very numerous such as the poles they are more evenly scattered even though they lack strong political parties. The ethnic composition in Lithuania has however undergone very dramatic changes with the most prominent changes being the extermination of the Jewish population during the holocaust. It is easier to obtain citizenship in this country than in the many other European countries. All the citizens in this country have had the liberty to freely participate in any sporting activity that exists in the country. However some of the sporting events have either marginalized the males or the females. For instance the country's football teams consist of only male parties whereas the majority participants in the cycling sport are the females. Religion. Majority of the Lithuanians belong to the Roman Catholic Church which has been the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 242

Assignment Example investigation before discipline, proof of guilt, reasonable penalty, absence of discrimination, and fair investigation imply that an employee may have been wrongly terminated. 3. The Fair Labor Standard Act describes two categories of employees; exempt and non-exempt. According to the legislation, exempt employees are not governed by this act and must be paid a fixed salary and meet certain criteria in relation to the job content. Non-exempt employees are covered by the act and are entitle to overtime pay. 4. Job evaluation refers to the process of determining the relative worth of one job to another. Performance evaluation refers to a process of determining, documenting, and evaluating and employee’s job performance. 5. The Lead policy ascribes to an organization’s pay structure that is set to remain ahead of the market for an annum. The match policy sets an organization compensation structure to bare similarity to that of the market. The lag policy sets the pay structure of an organization behind that of its market competitors. 9. Training focuses on the current job while development focuses on current and future jobs at the organization. Training has a shorter time frame compared to development in that it is immediate while development takes on a long term time frame. The scope of training aims at individual employees while development targets at the work group organization. The goal of training is at fixing a current skill deficit among employees while development prepares employees for future work demands. An example of training is onboarding where freshly hired management level employees are imparted with skills to perform the immediate tasks placed on them. An example of a development program for employees is off-site training where employees get to attend seminars and course offered outside the organization, which can assist them to come up with creative solutions towards ongoing

McDonald's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

McDonald's - Case Study Example However, McDonalds, though made efforts to change its menu, but the market lost to Wendy's and other competitors could not be recaptured because it was too late to enter the market. 1) McDonald shall further explore its differentiation process. Over the period of time it relied heavily on cleanliness and other USPs however it needs to create its differentiation in terms of food. The relatively increasing concerns shown by different circles suggest that McDonald's food is not good for health therefore it needs to create differentiation through cutting edge new research to prepare more nutritional products. 2) Second alternative strategy which McDonald can employ is Focus. A differentiation Focus and Low Cost focus would enable it to concentrate more on its core competencies rather than considering external environment as the source of its problems. Given the facts presented in Case study, it is important for McDonald's to focus more on its customer preferences. It may arrange focus groups or conduct market research to understand exactly what customers' needs are and then shall tailor its strategies to accommodate those preferences.

Sales Budjets Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales Budjets - Coursework Example This report would cover the financial standing of the company, general information and projected earnings and spending in a twelve month period. The investors start-up capital would be ?60 000 which comes from their savings. 2. Product Description 2.1 Product Sandlicious would produce quality handmade sandwiches, which is mainly focused in this single product. The company wants to project an image that Sandlicious is a small local bakery that provides excellent service and quality food. It is a fast moving consumer food product. The ingredients of the product include meat, wheat and bread and can be considered as a substitute for lunch. It is very handy and can be quickly taken along by people who are on the go. The sandwich is fresh all the time and closing inventory would be kept low to minimize spoilage. The cost of producing each sandwich is estimated at ?3.05.Each sandwich would be sold at 5 GBP. 2.2 Location The bakery/shop will be located on Marylebone High Street in central L ondon since this is a busy area. Many people live and work around this area; hence, the reason for choosing the location. Foot traffic is also high, which means a lot of people can easily drop by and buy a sandwich. Market research conducted revealed that there are very few bakeries around that area. Furthermore, Sandlicious is unique because the sandwich is handmade and has a competitive price. Since Sandlicious is not a franchise, it presents a more special type of sandwich that offers varieties and very-friendly service. The market would perceive the product as fresh at the same time affordable. It is expected that loyal customers would be acquired as the bakery provides consistent quality service. 2.3 Marketing and Promotion Sandlicious is aware of the importance marketing to gain customers which would result to profitability. In fact, Sandlicious would be raising the number of units produced monthly in the hope that more sales would be generated. The company’s marketing campaign would place emphasis on advertising beginning with a ?1000 budgets for the first two months. Distribution of flyers is part of the marketing budget. On the succeeding months, budget for advertising between ?150-300 would be spent to reinforce the product on the market. It is also expected that sales would increase through word of mouth as satisfied customers tell other people about our products. 3. Financing 3.1 Payment All the payments should be by cash or card at the time of purchase. The product can be bought at the store, and the company has not yet considered delivery service at this point. A variety of sandwiches would be offered to the market plus a special for the day. Sandlicious can also have a business to business partnership with other establishments but the main revenue would not be derived from such sales. The customers can choose from whatever is offered for a given day. 3.2 Costs The business operations of Sandlicious would involve several costs such as labo r costs and overhead costs. It is imperative for Sandlicious to hire skilled workers who can prepare sandwiches. There would be a need for two workers who would work for eight hours a day, 20 days a month. The salary of a worker is ?7 per hour, which is above the minimum wage. In a month, the fixed costs for two workers would be ?2,240. To further minimize additional salary costs, the owners would act as cashier and supervisor. Instead of receiving a monthly salary, they would just get their share from the monthly profit. Aside

An attempt to Find Midway between Utopian Sunshine and Foucauldian Essay

An attempt to Find Midway between Utopian Sunshine and Foucauldian Gloom - Essay Example Among the two stream of thoughts, the first one is the group of optimistic people referred as Utopian sunshine, who see the concept as highly practicable. Driver says that the more optimistic side may be populated by practitioners and consultants who are looking to sell their advice to client organisations and therefore not interested in pursuing the more critical aspect of the learning organization (Denton, 1998 cited in Driver, 2002, p. 34). On the opponent’s side are the people called Faucauldian gloom, who find this concept as no better than a ‘psychic prison’. Explaining who all can be finding the concept as impracticable, Driver says that the more pessimistic side may be populated by academics looking for publish and therefore problematize an overly critical view of learning organization without any interest in the practicality of some of their suggestions (Denton, 1998 cited in Driver, 2002, p. 34). The difference of opinion among the two groups is on three organisational dimensions which are control, ideology and painful employee experience that they go through for giving the competitive edge to the organisation. Regarding the concept of the learning organisation, Driver comments that the lack of clarity with regard to the exact definition and theoretical conceptualization of a learning organization has been a common problem (Denton, 1998 cited in Driver, 2002, p. 36).... All these qualities claim to make the learning organisation an exceptional place. Needless to say, this is in stark contrast to the traditional bureaucratic organisations that believe in concentration of knowledge, power and decision-making. This does not mean that a learning organisation does not have any kind of control. Regarding the managerial control in a learning organisation, Driver says that while the learning organisation may have few traditional managerial controls, it is not completely free of managerial control (Starkey, 1998 cited in Driver, 2002, p. 39). In other words, the shared values in tightly knit ‘communities of learners’ (Edmondson, 1996 cited in Driver, 2002, p. 39) serve as internalized controls in which employees conform because they share the same views and values rather than they fear or respect external controls imposed on them by management (Mills and Friesen, 1992, Smith and Tosey, 1999, cited in Driver, 2002, p. 39). Building a learning org anisation requires change in the basic culture of an organisation; a transformation from traditional bureaucratic organisation that helps them imbibe the benefits mentioned in the concept of learning organisation. However, organisational culture does not develop in days, week or months. Hence such a dramatic change would also consume a lot of time. Also there will be managers who would have to share their knowledge to the employees. There is a famous saying that knowledge is power. Power or control is not something that a normal human being would like to lose so easily. Hence the top managers of the transforming organisation, who are to lose power, social stature and monetary

How has the global political economy changed as a result of the global Assignment

How has the global political economy changed as a result of the global financial and economic crisis since 2007 - Assignment Example Today, most economists aver that the worst is behind us. However the pangs of the latest recession are still being felt. The immediate future is not rosy with growth forecasts being downgraded by most countries. That the distant future would bring back the joys of boom period is what every nation is pinning its hopes on. Along with this economic and financial crisis that has seen unemployment numbers soar, banks collapse, incomes shrink and demand wane, there has been turbulence in the world political scene as well. If the stock markets are shaky, so are the government set ups of many nations. Vukovic (2011) maintains that the reason for the crisis lies primarily in the political domain. He asserts that the strong influence of interest groups, lobbying power of financial corporations, leads to favoritism in macroeconomic policies and inefficient resource allocation. While the mighty, deemed to be infallible United States is facing a leadership crisis, there is political turmoil in Eu ropean countries. Walker (2011) suggests that this crisis of leadership is prevailing, along with United States, in Europe, Japan and Australia. Furthermore this leadership deficit extends to institutions like the IMF. The BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are also facing political crisis of sorts as this crisis has spared few. The present paper looks at the political scenario in certain select countries of the world to understand how the global financial and economic crisis since 2007 has impacted the global political scene. United States of America Duchin (2009) establishes that the banks' political ties played a considerable role in Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) fund distribution. It was thus the political activism and not prudence that governed government spending when recession was at its peak and the beleaguered companies clamored for cash. There has been a political stand-off in the U.S between the Republicans and the democrats as the two parties failed to agree on key issues. So much so that the disagreement between them brought the US on the brink of a debt default and kept the world on tenterhooks fearing another meltdown. The latest arrangement between the two warring factions will enable the U.S government to borrow money till the end of 2012. The government, on its part will ensure a spending cut of almost $1 trillion spread over the next decade. Experts opine that the compromise formula may be short-lived and questions like â€Å"where to cut government spending?† could again flare up the political scene. Furthermore, is the political constrains that will decide whether Obama can go in for the third round of quantitative easing or not. India Today (2011) avers that Barack Obama, the U.S president, has numerous issues to confront, including the first ever credit rating downgrade of the US, as he goes for reelection. The president would be hoping that his $447 billion jobs bill translates into favorable, tangible number s by then. The status of the U.S. dollar as the reserve currency of the world automatically links the currency exchange rates with political overtones. The movement of this currency leads to political repercussions in the rest of the world. Germany Greece has been the latest beneficiary of rescue loans granted after the consent of Euro zone leaders. Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel., has come under fire from the Christian Democratic Union for her efforts to secure additional bailout funds for Greece. Opinion polls in the